11月27日（土）
【Session 02】世界におけるコロナの状況 13:25～14:25　（司会：尾崎 章彦）

●Health under the Taliban Governance: Health Trends, Issues, and Concerns
Shohra Qaderi (Medical Research Center, Kateb university, Kabul, アフガニスタン、Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Teheran, イラン)

Afghanistan still has one of the weakest healthcare systems around the world. The deadly combination of COVID-19 and the Taliban has added massive pressure on the already overwhelmed health system.  International funding has been mostly suspended, which results in the shut down of 2000 health facilities. Many health workers left the country, and women who are a major part of the health system stayed back from work. Infectious disease control will be a major challenge including COVID-19, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia, Influenza, Measles, Mumps, and Hepatitis. The health is already so fragile and will only continue to deteriorate.
●Association of Home Quarantine and Mental Health Among Teenagers in Wuhan, China, During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Jiwei Wang (Associate Professor, School of public health, 復旦大学,Shanghai, 中国)

Background: China has implemented an unprecedented quarantine strategy to deal with COVID-19 in Wuhan since January 2020, and all schools have been closed. This study investigated the impacts of the lifestyle changes on anxiety and depression among adolescents in Wuhan.
Methods: A cross-sectional study were carried out in Wuhan between March 30 and April 7, 2020, and included 7.890 adolescents aged 12–18 years. All participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire containing the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), information on personal characteristics, and daily life in isolation. Logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis.
Results: Among 7,890 participants, 21.7% had anxiety and 24.6% had depression, respectively. Participants who reported to i) be physically active, ii) have good sleep quality, iii) have active face-to-face communication with family members, and iv) regularly seek pleasure or peace from interests, hobbies, or specialties, were less likely to have anxiety and depression. Those who had ever gone out and who reported food shortage, perceived discrimination, great influence of home restriction on study, long screen time, and long-time browsing information about COVID-19 were more likely to have anxiety and depression.
Conclusion: Both anxiety and depression of adolescents during quarantine for the COVID-19 outbreak were closely related to their daily life under home restriction. Our findings may help improve policies and interventions to reduce anxiety and depression among adolescents.
●COVID-19 in Latin America: Challenges and Lessons
Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales (Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Pereira, コロンビア)

After its appearance at the end of 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was shortly declared a pandemic, which continues later year and a half (2020-2021). In the particular case of Latin America, this is a region that has been significantly affected by a pandemic, in terms of incidence, as well as mortality and lethality. Fortunately, since the end of 2020, and especially the beginning of 2021, there are different vaccines that have made it possible to start and advance the process of vaccinating the population, with some countries above 70%, but others still at low coverage. COVID-19 is a disease that especially affects those with risk factors, in which it can evolve into serious or critical and even fatal forms, such as diabetes, highly prevalent in Latin America. This conference discusses different aspects of the evolution and epidemiological behavior in Latin America, as well as at the global level of SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Epidemiology, Latin America.
●Management and outcomes of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Italy
Cecilia Martellucci (Researcher, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, イタリア)

Italy was hit by multiple waves of SARS-CoV-2 infections during 2020 and 2021. Despite the initial scarce preparedness, testing and treatment capacity was increased, with an important role being played by home care for COVID-19 patients. Various restrictions were also enacted, although their application was not always without issue. Vaccination was a turning point, as incident infections keep decreasing in Autumn 2021, instead of rising like one year before. However, the economic downturn due to the restrictions and the restructuring of the Health System are still compelling issues.